When deploying computer enclosures, outdoor environments create a unique set of challenges.
The risk of equipment failure - through multiple damaging reasons - requires computer equipment to withstand solar heat, rain, snow, sleet, and extreme temperatures. In addition to environmental concerns, one must consider the technical aspects that are important when installing expensive electronics in the outdoors. The internal assembly must be designed to withstand harsh, unforgiving conditions.
The following 4 items should be considered and evaluated to make the best-informed decision prior to installing a computer outdoors.
Environment
Generally speaking, electronics and water do not mix! Water damage is one of the more common issues that plague electronics. Water can also negatively affect the exterior and interior of the enclosure. If the correct enclosure is not specified, liquid can enter the enclosure through inferior/flimsy gasket or door openings. Additionally, differences in ambient air temperatures can cause condensation to form on the inside of the enclosure. Condensation may form as the temperature cools during nighttime or when the equipment is powered down during off hours. Moisture may lead to corrosion that will affect the lifespan of the electronics. In addition, dust within an enclosure drastically increases the chance that electronics will overheat or cause a process failure.
Temperatures
If the proper heating and cooling systems are not incorporated into the system, computer enclosures - deployed in extreme warm or cold environments - will not fare well. Natural convection cooling is not an option for all-weather outdoor enclosures. A closed loop cooling or heating system is necessary to keep the outside elements away from the internal electronics, and maintain the appropriate operating temperatures. Heat exchangers, vortex coolers, and air conditioners are all viable options for closed loop cooling systems. Heat build-up, from a direct sunlight environment, may require insulation inside of the enclosure. Prior to installing the cabinet, consult an enclosure expert for a proper thermal management recommendation.
NEMA Rating
A rugged NEMA 4 enclosure should be selected, at a minimum, for an outdoor environment. NEMA 4 computer enclosures protect against rain, sleet, snow, splashing fluids, dirt and dust. If the enclosure will be exposed to corrosive materials, a NEMA 4X cabinet may be necessary. When designing a proper system, exposure to salt air and harsh chemicals can be problematic for system integrators. In addition, a NEMA 4X enclosure constructed out of stainless steel will absorb and conduct heat more efficiently than other materials. Stainless steel enclosures are especially advantageous in a direct sunlight application. NEMA 4/4X enclosures feature heavy-duty gasket to eliminate points of entry for water, oil, dirt and dust.
Cable Access
How the enclosure will receive power is sometimes an oversight when installing a NEMA 4 or 4X enclosure. Because these enclosures do not feature split panels or general openings for cable pass through, a sealed cable entry gland - that will maintain the NEMA rating - is a must! NEMA 4X cable glands will prevent dust, dirt, and water from entering the enclosure through even the smallest hole. Failure to pay attention to cable access will jeopardize the entire system.
When planning a waterproof, computer enclosure deployment, failing to take these 4 considerations into account will lead to disastrous problems. Guarantee performance, reliability, and the maximum life span of electronics with a high-quality enclosure solution. Research, completed at the beginning of the process, will lead to a solution that will protect for many years into the future!
For More Information:
-- 3 Types of Computer Enclosure Material
-- Essential Features for NEMA 4X Computer Enclosures
-- 3 Considerations for Choosing a NEMA 4X Enclosure
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